The products obtained from these methods also have defects like poor solubility and broad molecular weight distribution. However, the process to obtain a solid-state product using these methods requires a lot of equipment and is very expensive. Methods to fabricate sodium polyacrylate, like solution polymerization in water, inverse emulsion polymerization, inverse suspension polymerization, plasma polymerization, and pressure-induced polymerization have been employed to synthesize various polyacrylates. SAPs used in hygiene products are typically sodium neutralized whereas SAPs used in agricultural applications are potassium neutralized.įabrication methods Overview Super-absorbent technology is in high demand in the disposable hygiene industry for products like diapers and sanitary napkins. Ultra-thin baby diapers were some of the first hygiene products to be developed which use only a fraction of the material compared to fluff pulp diapers. Early adopters of this technology were Dow Chemical, Hercules, General Mills Chemical, and DuPont. Through extensive research, they found that the gels they created did not expel water as fiber-based materials would.

The USDA was interested in developing this technology because they wanted to find materials that could improve water conservation in soil. These materials can only retain 20 times their weight in water, whereas sodium polyacrylate can retain hundreds of times its own weight in water. Before the development of these substances, the best water absorbing materials were cellulosic or fiber-based like tissue paper, sponge, cotton, or fluff pulp. Super-absorbent polymers (SAP) similar to sodium polyacrylate were developed in the 1960s by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) developed the first super-absorbent polymer materials. The origins of super-absorbent polymer chemistry trace back to the early 1960s when the U.S. While sodium neutralized polyacrylic acids are the most common form used in industry, there are also other salts available including potassium, lithium and ammonium. It has been used as an additive for food products including bread, juice, and ice cream.

Some of these advantages include good mechanical stability, high heat resistance, and strong hydration. Sodium polyacrylate has many favorable mechanical properties. When dissolved in water, it forms a thick and transparent solution due to the ionic interactions of the molecules. It contains sodium, which gives it the ability to absorb large amounts of water. It is a polymer made up of chains of acrylate compounds. Sodium polyacrylate is an anionic polyelectrolyte with negatively charged carboxylic groups in the main chain. This super-absorbent polymer (SAP) has the ability to absorb 100 to 1000 times its mass in water. Sodium polyacrylate ( ACR, ASAP, or PAAS), : 233 also known as waterlock, is a sodium salt of polyacrylic acid with the chemical formula n and has broad applications in consumer products.

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